All You Need To Know About " NATIONAL AUTOMATED CLEARING HOUSE "

N - NATIONAL
A - AUTOMATED
C - CLEARING
H - HOUSE
-------------------------------------------------------------------
N--National
P--Payments
C--Corporation of
I--India
is an organization, which meant to consolidate and integrate the multiple systems with varying service levels into nationwide uniform and standard business process for all retail payment systems.

⚫The other objective was to facilitate an affordable payment mechanism to benefit the common man across the country and help financial inclusion.

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⚫What is the difference between the ECS and NACH?
_____________________
⚫ In case of ECS, the process is manual. Hence, takes more time or verification issues. However, in NACH it is defined workflow, which reduces the time.

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⚫ In case of ECS, you will not get a unique mandate registration reference number. However, in NACH you get it and can be used for future reference.

______________________
⚫In case of ECS, the possibility of higher rejection ratio. But due to less paperwork in NACH, rejection ratio is less.
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⚫ Settlement of payment, usually takes 3-4 days in ECS. But in case of NACH it will be settled on the same day.

______________________
⚫There is no such dispute management system placed in ECS. However, in NACH it is well set and can be resolved issues easily.

______________________
⚫ Registration of ECS usually takes around 30 days. But in NACH it is just 15 days.
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Ques?
Who are the participating banks?
⚫These are the live banks for which NACH is mandatory to adopt from 1st May, 2016. All core banking enabled banks are soon going to be part of this facility. Currently, all major banks are part of this NACH.

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Few other features of NACH facility are as below.
⚫Your NACH may get rejected due to an incorrect bank account, folio number or other incorrect details.
⚫It also gets rejected if the investor’s bank is not participating in NACH.
⚫You can stop NACH at any point of time by submitting the cancellation form.
⚫The default NACH mandate will be up to 31/12/2099.You can mention the frequency, amount and the date of last debit.  Also, can alter it at any point.

⚫You can register as many NACH as possible.
⚫There is no such limit.

ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT " JALLIKATTU "

What is Jallikattu?

Jallikattu is Tamil Nadu’s one of the most popular festivals which is celebrated at the time of the harvest festival of Pongal. It is considered auspicious and significant all across the state and people wait with enthusiastic breath for its arrival. 
Basically, Jallikattu is a classic bull fight which involves the gruesome act of men fighting with fierce bulls to tame them.

Origin of Jallikattu

The origin of the Jallikuttu goes back to ancient times when men used to practice fight against ferocious bulls to prove their physical strength. The one purpose of this display of strength was that men could woo prosperous women who would pick their partners from the lot. 
With the progression of time, the sport became popular as a conventional activity during harvest. The linguist origin of the word Jallikattu goes to the words ‘calli’ (coins) and ‘kattu’ (tie). This gives the meaning that a bundle of coins is tied to the bull’s horns. 
In ancient times, the tamer fought to remove this bundle from the animal’s head to win gold or silver. He would be called ‘brave’ and ‘valourous’ and would also sometimes be rewarded with a bride.

What is the Supreme Court’s Verdict?

The sport was organized as a tradition till May 2014. Then the Supreme Court of India banned the organization of Jallikattu from all performances where the bulls were involved. The Supreme Court cited issues related to animal welfare. 
The government issued an order on January 8, 2016, exempting Jallikattu from all performances where bulls cannot be used. The Supreme Court’s judgment took a dramatic turn when in November 2016, the apex court dismissed the state government’s plea seeking review of its 2014 judgment.  
After that, the use of bulls for Jallikattu events in Tamil Nadu was effectively banned. The Tamil Nadu government has now made fresh efforts seeking reinstatement of the ancient sport. The case is still under trail at the Supreme Court. This year, the date of Pongal fell on 14 and 15 January. The JalliKattu supporters managed to organize the event despite Supreme Court’s verdict.

Arguments in Support of the Ban

The Supreme Court rejected the Tamil Nadu government’s plea seeking review of its 2014 verdict which we have discussed above. A bench of justices R F Nariman and Dipak stated that when a bull is tamed for the purpose of an event, the fundamental concept is against the welfare of the animal which is the basic foundation of Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act. 
The bench of the Supreme Court rejected any association or connection of Jallikattu with the right of freedom of religion in Article 25.The apex court observed that there was an apparent inconsistency and frontal collision between the Tamil Nadu Regulation of Jallikattu Act, 2009 and Article 25.
The Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI) mentioned unimaginable forms of tortures which are inflicted on the bull while the practice of bull taming. The tortures involve tail twisting and fracturing, pouring chemicals into the eyes, mutilating ears, poking the animal by sharp-edged weapons, and intoxicants forced into its mouth. All these and even more happen right under the watch of officials. Bulls are denied food, water or even space to stand.  
While the tormented bull takes flight, a common symptom of stress, from the “vadi vaasal” (the chamber from which it comes out), it meets an abusive crowd which hooks on to it in dozens of petty prizes such as garments and utensils.By considering all these aspects, the Supreme Court stated that not only does Jallikattu inflict unnecessary pain and suffering on the animal and thereby violate the PCA Act, but the whole sport in its present form has nothing to do with the traditional bull-taming of yore.

Tamil culture and tradition care for the wellbeing and welfare of the bull. The tradition and culture do not approve of infliction of any pain on the bull. The court also cited international rights jurisprudence to emphasize the necessity to correct anthropocentric views and the fact that animals too have the right to live dignified lives.

Arguments against the Ban

The main argument which was cited against the ban of Jallikattu stated that Jallikattu is a festival that has the root in religion and Jallikattu is an event that takes place after harvest. It was argued that Jallikattu has religious flavor and such an ethos cannot be disregarded.
Apart from it, an argument was advocated by the Centre that the ban should be lifted with certain restrictions. The notification issued by the center also said it will not only help in preserving the tradition but also remove cruelties inflicted upon the animal. 
The argument given in the favor of Jallikattu by the supporters is that the practice of JalliKattu protects the native breed of the bulls from going to extinction. Because it is believed that tendencies which are practiced in the Jallikuttu are are naturally found in the bulls. If they would be stopped from practicing their natural tendency, after a certain point that would put a hazard for the existence of that natural tendency. There are five or six breeds of bulls which are only found in Tamilnadu. They are on the verge of extinction. 
The Alambadi breed which is one of those native breeds has already been extinct. So the ban on the practice of Jallikattu would also deteriorate the presence of other native breeds of the bulls. And, Article 48 of the Indian constitution mandates that  the state shall endeavor to protect and preserve any native breeds in the country.

Way Forward

 It can be said that the Jallikattu debate is not only about animal welfare, but also about the institutional division of powers and responsibilities. The reasonable way forward of this controversy seems an option that the State Legislature of Tamil Nadu, with the assent of the President, should pass a law declaring certain key sections of the PCA inapplicable to the State of Tamil Nadu. This will solve three types of problems.

1. It will maintain the constitutional sanctity of the ordinance-making power of the Union Government, which has been challenged in the last decade by the majority
2.  It will set an exemplar by which the PCA does not banish traditional practices as a matter of principle but allows a nuanced, case-by-case solution of any conflict, at least in Tamil Nadu.
3. The federal democratic features of the Constitution would be supported with a decision on a local matter being taken by a nearby representative and local institution, instead of a remote one and an unelected one.

TIPS FOR STUDENTS TO GET INTO THEIR DREAM JOB AFTER GRADUATION

Here are the tips for the students looking for jobs:-

1.)The first thing is to move to a metro city with a single aim of hunting for a job. Just don’t waste your time there. There are hundreds of students go there and probably few of your friends are there. Join them for accommodation and start hunting from day one.

2.)Second thing there are hundreds of website offering job search and hunt help. Register in almost all of them. Complete the registration and track the recruitments. Don’t miss LinkedIn profiles, make connections there and hunt for HRs and mail them asking for jobs.

3.)Third thing is to find consultants who can arrange an interview for you with the companies. Don’t pay then in advance, tell them that you are a poor student will pay after your get the job. They have gone professionals and these days many companies use their services for recruiting employees.

4.)Fourth, don’t miss any news papers job special, like Times Ascent and The Hindu’s.Pick out the companies you want to attend interview and definitely go for tests and interviews.

5.)Fifth, figure out who among your friend and seniors are industry working in your domain. Don’t think that how do they feel when you call them after such a long time and only when you are in need. Just give a call and ask for some time for tea or a coffee. Visit their room and take recommendations and ask for referrals. Don’t disappoint if they are not very helpful, everyone have their own reservations.

6.)Fifth, figure out who among your friend and seniors are industry working in your domain. Don’t think that how do they feel when you call them after such a long time and only when you are in need. Just give a call and ask for some time for tea or a coffee. Visit their room and take recommendations and ask for referrals. Don’t disappoint if they are not very helpful, everyone have their own reservations.

To end, the idea is that everyone who is recruiting should have your CV in hand, and know you are looking for a job. Don’t waste your time and don’t get into bad habits.

Wish you all a great luck and future ahead.

80 BANKING AND FINANCE POINTS

●GDP – Gross Domestic Product.

●Bear and Bulls related to – Stock Market.

●SDR (Special Drawing Rights)  issued by – IMF.

●Financial Inclusion (वित्तीय समावेशन)-- Banking services to rural people termed.

●The details of the companies financial position in the annual report of a company is known as – balance sheet.

●Insurance companies regulate in India – IRDA (Insurance Regulatory Development Authority).

●The financial body which frames Monetary and Financial policy in India – RBI.

●RBI says Rupee Over valued, what it means -- The rupee has lost only against the dollar but appreciated against other currencies.

●.For preventing frauds and counterfeiting in a bank, RBI has proposed a scheme called – Know Your Customer (KYC).

●Organization deals with Fertilizer industry – IFFCO (Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative Limited).

●FCCB stand for - Foreign Currency Convertible Bond.

●MAT stand for – Minimum Alternate Tax.

●Monetary Policy include - CRR and SLR.

●SME – Small and Medium Enterprises.

●Foreign exchanges are done in – US Dollars.

●Home loans are given to – Individuals.

●SME loans are given to – ALL Small Scale Industries(SSI).

●FCRA – Foreign Contribution Regulation Act.

●APEC – Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation.

●NPA – Non Performing assets.

●Basel II norms – Maintaining Capital Adequate ratio

●POS – Point of sale

●ECS – Electronic Clearing system

●The exchange of goods between the two or more countries is known as - FTA(Free Trade Agreement).

●Full form of TPF– Trade policy Forum.

●Credit Rating agency in India – CRISIL

●Stocks and bonds are trade – Capital Market

●Service Tax is Shared by – Central Government.

●FTA released by – Ministry of Commerce & Industry

●Reverse Mortgage scheme is related to – For Senior Citizens

●First to start Mutual Fund trading on BSE – UTI Mutual Fund.

●IIP (Index of Industrial Production) was released by – Central Statistical Organization (CSO).

●World Investment Report released by – UNCTAD.

●NCDEX (National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange) commodity stock exchange is headquartered—Mumbai

●NABARD(National Bank for Agriculture and rural development bank ) is headquartered – Mumbani

●ADB (Asian Development Bank ) is headquartered – Manila

●POS -- Point of Scale

●VAT stands for -- Value Added Tax

●GST : Good and Service Tax.

●Who issue & regulate currency -- RBI

●NEFT full form -- National Electronic Fund Transfer.

●Full form of LLP – Limited Liability Partnership.

●Max limit for RTGS (Real Time Gross Settlement) - No limit.

●Which bank can accept deposit -- commercial bank

●Insurance services given by banks are called – Bancassurance.

●Bank are connected to all banking network -- Core Banking Solution.

●Financial inclusion is -- Banking facilities to all of them whom not has provided as yet.

●Who has maximum share in nationalized Bank -- Govt of India.

●Demat account use for -- for shares trading in electronic form.

●RTGS minimum threshold limit recently raised to – 2  lac

●Govt. sharehold in public sector banks cant be below –51%

●NEFT system uses which codes -- IFS Codes.

●KYC procedure requires -- ID & address proof of the customer

●Self Help groups means -- Self-Help Groups are prime platform for social mobilization of women and creating awareness about legal and political rights.

●Reverse mortgage loan -- Finance given to senior citizens against residential houses/flats.

●Fastest inter bank transfer is by --  RTGS.

●ASBA -- Application Supported by Blocked Amount.

●SLR -- The minimum reserves each bank must hold to customer deposits and  notes.

●FINO -- Financial Inclusion Network and Operations.

●C.A.G. -- Comptroller and Auditor General

●Rights issue mean -- Sale of securities to existing share holders

●Secondary Market regulated by – SEBI

●Expand NOHC -- Non-Operative Holding Company

●CDSL means -- Central Depository Services Limited

●NSDL means -- National Securities Depository Limited

●ETF stands for -- Exchange Traded Fund

●Core banking means – Connectivity of branches, ATM and online systems of all branches.

●The Foreign Exchange Reserve of India are kept in the custody of -- Reserve Bank of India.

●Plastic money -- Credit Card, Debit Card

●PPP means : purchasing power parity.

●N.A.V.  – Net Assets Value.

●Controlling & regulate Share market : SEBI (Security Exchange Board of India).

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SSC CGL TIER 2 RESULT DATE ANNOUNCED ITS OFFICIAL

1. Constable GD EXAM-15

                 Final Result   30.01.2017

2. SI DELHI POLICE & CPO EXAM-16
                
                Tier-II   31.01.2017

3. CGL-16 
      
                Tier-II  28.02.2017

KEY LANDMARKS IN THE JOURNEY OF RBI

Key Landmarks in the journey of RBI

》In 1926, the Royal Commission on Indian Currency and Finance recommended creation of a central bank for India.

》In 1927, a bill to give effect to the above recommendation was introduced in the Legislative Assembly, but was later withdrawn due to lack of agreement among various sections of people.

》In 1933, the White Paper on Indian Constitutional Reforms recommended the creation of a Reserve Bank. A fresh bill was introduced in the Legislative Assembly.

》In 1934, the Bill was passed and received the Governor General’s assent.

》In 1935, Reserve Bank commenced operations as India’s central bank on April 1 as a private shareholders’ bank with a paid up capital of rupees five crore.

》In 1942 Reserve Bank ceased to be the currency issuing authority of Burma (now Myanmar).

》In 1947, Reserve Bank stopped acting as banker to the Government of Burma.

》In 1948, Reserve Bank stopped rendering central banking services to Pakistan.

》In 1949, the Government of India nationalized the Reserve Bank under the Reserve Bank (Transfer of Public Ownership) Act, 1948.

》In 1949, Banking Regulation Act was enacted.

》In 1951, India embarked in the Planning Era.

》In 1966, the Cooperative Banks came within the regulations of the RBI.
Rupee was devaluated for the first time.

》In 1969, Nationalization of 14 Banks was a Turning point in the history of Indian Banking.

》In 1973, the Foreign Exchange Regulation act was amended and exchange control was strengthened.

》In 1974, the Priority Sector Advance Targets started getting fixed.

》In 1975, Regional Rural Banks started.

》In 1985, the Sukhamoy Chakravarty and Vaghul Committee reports embarked the era of Financial Market Reforms in India.

》In 1991, India came under the Balance of Payment crisis and RBI pledged Gold to shore up reserves. Rupee was devaluated.

》In 1991-92, Economic Reforms started in India.

》In 1993, Exchange Rate became Market determined.

》In 1994, Board for Financial Supervision was set up.

》In 1997, the regulation of the Non Banking Financial Companies (NBFC) got strengthened.

》In 1998, Multiple Indicator Approach for monetary policy was adopted for the first time.

》In 2000, the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) replaced the erstwhile FERA.

》In 2002, The Clearing Corporation of India Ltd Started operation.

》In 2003, Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act (FRBMA) enacted.

》In 2004, Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) started working fully.

》In 2004, Market Stabilization Scheme (MSS) was launched.

》In 2004 Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) started working.

》In 2006, Reserve Bank of India was empowered to regulate the money, forex, G-Sec and Gold related security markets.

》In 2007, Reserve bank of India was empowered to regulate the Payment systems.

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NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

The National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP) lays down the broad outline of how the Nation manages disasters; it describes specific authorities and lays down practices for managing catastrophic natural disasters and other severe incidents. The Plan is always in effect, and elements can be implemented as needed on a flexible, scalable basis in all phases of disaster management i.e. Preparedness, Mitigation and Response. 
The Vision of the Plan is to “Make India disaster resilient, achieve substantial disaster risk reduction, and significantly decrease the losses of life, livelihoods, and assets – economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental – by maximising the ability to cope with disasters at all levels of administration as well as among communities”.

AIM

 

This is the first ever national plan prepared in the country. It aims to make India disaster resilient and significantly reduce the loss of lives and assets.The National Disaster Management Plan is a ―live document, which implies that it will continue to evolve in alignment with the changing dynamics of frequency and intensity of disasters and practices used in managing disasters. This plan is the outcome of extensive consultation among practitioners and policymakers at all levels and will be updated mandatorily every year or as often as required, and definitely, after every major incident.The plan belongs to the nation‘s disaster management system including – central/ state government ministries / departments / agencies /executives, public & private sectors and non-governmental organizations (NGO). The NDMP is intended to provide guidance for the whole community as well. However, it focuses especially on the needs of those who are entrusted with discharging disaster management functions in GOI. All stakeholders (Government / non-government) are required to be active, engaged, and integrated to respond to a major or catastrophic incident.The plan addresses specifically the needs / responsibilities of National Executive Committee (NEC), Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), Cabinet Secretariat and NDMA – those who have a responsibility to provide effective disaster mitigation, preparedness and response system in the country. At the same time, the National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP) gives in detail the operating structures and tools used routinely by responders and emergency managers at all levels of government.

PURPOSE AND SCOPE

Purpose: The main purpose of the National Disaster Management Plan is to outline the prevention, preparedness, mitigation and response measures of any situation emerging out of natural or human-induced disasters in the country. It provides operational guidance relating to the all-hazard emergency situations and describes the overall roles and responsibilities of the concerned departments / organisations in minimising loss of life and suffering. It also provides for a rapid response to disasters through effective use of Local, State, National and International resources. The National DM plan intends to-
· Establish a comprehensive all-hazard approach to national disaster management activities including preparedness, prevention, mitigation, response and recovery.
· Facilitate inter-agency and inter-governmental emergency preparedness, planning, training, exercising, and coordination,
· Identify and layout Ministry/Department/Institution specific time bound actions for integrating mitigation and response centric capacity development in the existing academic programmes, R&D schemes and technologies.
· Point out and define the means of central government support in the form of resources (during response, recovery and mitigation phases of disaster) to State/local effort during severe incident.
· Define policies, operational procedures, roles and responsibilities of the various Departments / Ministries and other stakeholders/ institutions.
· Facilitate national emergency response communication links and increase situation awareness across the public, private and non-governmental organisational structures.
For each hazard, the approach used in this national plan incorporates the four priorities enunciated in the Sendai Framework into the planning framework for Disaster Risk Reduction under the five Thematic Areas for Actions:
1. Understanding Risk
2. Inter-Agency Coordination
3. Investing in DRR – Structural Measures
4. Investing in DRR – Non-Structural Measures
5. Capacity Development

Scope: The National DM Act 2005, as per Section 11(3), provides for including –
a) Measures to be taken for the prevention of disasters, or the mitigation of their effects
b) measures to be taken for the integration of mitigation measures in the development plans; c) measures to be taken for preparedness and capacity building to effectively respond to any threatening disaster situations or disaster
d) roles and responsibilities of different Ministries or Departments of Government of India in respect of measures specified in clauses (a), (b) and (c).

AUTHORITY

Section 11 of the National Act makes it mandatory to prepare the National Disaster Management Plan for the whole country. As per Section 10 (2) (b) and 11 of the Act, the National Plan is prepared by the National Executive Committee (NEC) having regard to the National Policy and in consultation with the State Governments and expert bodies or organizations in the field of disaster management, to be approved by the National Authority.

The National Policy on Disaster Management Prescribes – 
While the national plan is to be prepared by the NEC, the disaster and domain-specific plans are to be made by the respective central ministries and departments. The nodal Ministries and Departments of Government of India (for example the Ministries of Agriculture, Atomic Energy, Civil Aviation, Earth Sciences, Environment and Forests, Home Affairs, Health, Mines, Railways, Space, Water Resources etc.) will continue to address specific disasters as assigned to them by outlining detailed comprehensive Plans which will be a part of, and integrated into the National Disaster Management Plan.

National DM Policy states further that –

 
It is of utmost importance that critical infrastructure like dams, roads, bridges, flyovers, railway lines, power stations, water storage towers, irrigation canals, delta water distributor network, river and coastal embankments, ports and other civic utilities are constantly monitored for safety standards in consonance with worldwide safety benchmarks and strengthened where deficient. The building standards for these infrastructures need to be aligned to the safety norms and concerned Departments/Authorities would ensure the requisite actions and measures to ensure this.
Use of Information and communication Technology (ICT) in Disaster Management and establishing an institutional mechanism for Research and Development. Accordingly specific advisory groups on use of ―predictive technologies, environmental informatics, wireless video/audio communication systems, geographic information system, GPC etc., in Disaster Management should be provisioned under the ―institutional mechanism in the National DM Plan.

Accordingly, the plan articulates the 
(a) Coordination mechanism along with roles and responsibilities at all levels in the disaster management
(b) Mitigation and capacity building measures and
(c) Strengthening of the core capabilities required for all phases (preparation, mitigation, response and recovery) of disaster and all central / ministries / department shall prepare their specific plan accordingly.

National Institutional Arrangements for Disaster Management 
Major national level agencies / committees designated to play a critical role in managing disaster are elaborated in the following section. The sequence of agencies listed below is not in a hierarchical structure but as per the synergetic linkages for flow of communication

The plan covers all phases  of disaster management: prevention, mitigation, response and recovery. It provides for horizontal and vertical integration among all the agencies and departments of the Government. The plan also spells out the roles and responsibilities of all levels of Government right up to Panchayat and Urban Local Body level in a matrix format. The plan has a regional approach, which will be beneficial not only for disaster management but also for development planning.
It is designed in such a way that it can be implemented in a scalable manner in all phases of disaster management.
It also identifies major activities such as early warning, information dissemination, medical care, fuel, transportation, search and rescue, evacuation, etc. to serve as a checklist for agencies responding to a disaster.
It also provides a generalized framework for recovery and offers flexibility to assess a situation and build back better.
To prepare communities to cope with disasters, it emphasizes on a greater need for Information, Education and Communication activities.

The Response part of the Plan has identified eighteen broad activities which have been arranged into a matrix to be served as a ready reckoner:
1. Early Warning, Maps, Satellite inputs, Information Dissemination
2. Evacuation of People and Animals
3. Search and Rescue of People and Animals
4. Medical Care
5. Drinking Water, Dewatering Pumps, Sanitation Facilities, Public Health
6. Food and Essential Supplies
7. Communication
8. Housing and Temporary Shelters
9. Power
10. Fuel
11. Transportation
12. Relief Logistics and Supply Chain Management
13. Disposal of Animal Carcasses
14. Fodder for livestock in scarcity-hit areas
15. Rehabilitation and Ensuring Safety of Livestock and other Animals, Veterinary Care
16. Data Collection and Management
17. Relief Employment
18. Media Relations
The Plan has also incorporated a Chapter on Strengthening Disaster RiskGovernance. The generalised responsibility matrix given in this section summarises the themes for strengthening Disaster Risk Governance and specifies agencies at the Centre and State with their respective roles.
The matrix has six thematic areas in which Central and State Governments have to take actions to strengthen disaster risk governance:
1. Mainstream and integrate DRR and Institutional Strengthening
2. Capacity Development
3. Promote Participatory Approaches
4. Work with Elected Representatives
5. Grievance Redress Mechanism
6. Promote Quality Standards, Certifications, and Awards for Disaster Risk Management
Way forward
“Though Section 11of the Disaster Management Act mandates preparation of a national plan by the national executive committee headed by Union home secretary, no such plan had been drawn up so far. The Centre has now fulfilled this requirement by releasing a national plan that will be aligned with the goals and priorities set out in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. The plan will now have to be approved by the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA).

CONCLUSION

The National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP) provides a framework and direction to the government agencies for all phases of disaster management cycle. The NDMP is a dynamic document in the sense that it will be periodically improved keeping up with the emerging global best practices and knowledge bases in disaster management. Globally, the approach towards post-disaster restoration and rehabilitation has shifted to one of betterment reconstruction. The NDMP provides a generalised framework for recovery since it is not possible to anticipate all the possible elements of betterment reconstruction. The Plan also highlights that the disaster risk reduction will be achieved by mainstreaming the requirements into the developmental plans.

Sources:
Ministry of Home affairs
PMO twitter account
NDMA.gov.in
One India
Times of India

Multiple choice questions on industrial engineering

1-In the Deming’s quality cycle, ‘P’ stands for

(A) Product

(B) Productivity

(C) Process

(D) Plan

2-Poka Yoke is a concept of

(A) mistake proofing systems

(B) rework of jobs

(C) inventory control system

(D) tool for production planning control

3-Simplex method is used for

(A) Linear programming

(B) Queuing theory

(C) Network analysis

(D) Value engineering

4-Break even analysis consists of

(A) fixed cost

(B) variable cost

(C) fixed and variable cost

(D) operations cost

5-In micro motion study, therblig is described by

(A) a symbol

(B) an activity

(C) micro motion

(D) standard symbol and colour

6-Work study is concerned with

(A) improving present method and finding standard time

(B) motivation of workers

(C) improving production capability

(D) improving production planning and control

7-Hungarian method of solving the Assignment problems involves

(A) Covering Maximum number of zeroes and maximum number of lines

(B) Covering Minimum number of zeroes with maximum number of lines

(C) Covering all zeroes with minimum number of lines

(D) Covering maximum number of zeroes with minimum number of lines

8-Which one of the following would normally be considered as one of the costs of quality?

(A) Appraisal costs

(B) Marketing costs

(C) Overhead costs

(D) Transaction costs

9-Which of the following would most commentators regard as one of the ‘quality gurus’?

(A) Joseph Juran

(B) Charles Handy

(C) Henri Gantt

(D) Joe Rine

10-Queuing theory is associated with

(A) Inventory

(B) Sales

(C) Waiting time

(D) Production time

11-Predetermined motion time systems include

(A) Method Time Measurement

(B) Work factor systems

(C) Basic Motion time study

(D) All of above

12-Critical path method requires

(A) Single point estimation

(B) Double point estimation

(C) Triple point estimation

(D) None of the above

13-Gantt chart gives information about

(A) Scheduling and Rating

(B) Sales

(C) Production schedule

(D) Machine utilization

14-In break even analysis, total cost consists of

(A) Fixed cost + Sales revenue

(B) Variable cost + Sales revenue

(C) Fixed cost + Variable cost

(D) Fixed cost + Variable cost + Profit

ANSWERS:

1-(D), 2-(A), 3-(A), 4-(C), 5-(A), 6-(A), 7-(C), 8-(A), 9-(A), 10-(C), 11-(D), 12-(C), 13-(C), 14-(C)

NICKNAMES OF INDIAN CITIES

1.Golden City--Amritsar
2.Manchester Of India--Ahmedabad
3.City Of Seven Islands--Mumbai
4.Queen Of Arabian Sea--Cochin
5.Space City--Bangalore
6.Garden City Of India--Bangalore
7.Silicon Valley Of India--Bangalore
8.Electronic City Of India--Bangalore
9.Pink City--Jaipur
10.Gateway Of India--Mumbai
11.Twin City:--Hyderabad, Secunderabad
12.City Of Festivals--Madurai
13.Deccan Queen--Pune
14.City Of Buildings--Kolkata
15.Dakshin Ganga--Godavari
16.Old Ganga--Godavari
17.Egg Bowls Of Asia--Andhra Pradesh
18.Soya Region--Madhya Pradesh
19.Manchester Of The South--Coimbatore
20.City Of Nawabs--Lucknow
21.Venice Of The East--Cochin
22.Sorrow Of Bengal--Damodar River
23.Sorrow Of Bihar--Kosi River
24.Blue Mountains--Nilgiri
25.Queen Of The Mountains--Mussoorie (Uttarakhand)
26.Sacred River--Ganga
27.Hollywood Of India--Mumbai
28.City Of Castles--Kolkata
29.State Of Five Rivers--Punjab
30.City Of Weavers--Panipat
31.City Of Lakes--Srinagar
32.Steel City Of India--Jamshedpur (Called Tatanagar)
33.City Of Temples--Varanasi
34.Manchester Of The North--Kanpur
35.City Of Rallies--New Delhi
36.Heaven Of India--J&K
37.Boston Of India--Ahmedabad
38.Garden Of Spices Of India--Kerala
39Switzerland Of India--Kashmir
40.Abode Of The God--Prayag(Allahabad)
41.Pittsburg Of India--Jamshedpur

9 BASIC THINGS EVERY MECHANICAL ENGINEER SHOULD KNOW

9 BASIC THINGS EVERY MECHANICAL ENGINEER MUST KNOW

1. What does CC mean in Car engine?

Now, cc stands for cubic centimetres - It is a unit to measure the engine's displacement.
This is the measurement of the volume of the engine's cylinders or "compartments".
Now, when you read 200 cc it means the volume of the cylinder is 200 cubic centimeters.
CC can also be expressed in the form of litres. So, 200 cc = 0.2 L engine.
Remember that: 1 cubic centimeter = 0.001 liters = 1 milli liter.

With that you can understand that more cc does not mean more power. So, that brings to the most asked question:

Does more cc mean more fuel consumption?
From what I've read, it is generally true that a vehicle with more displacement will have more fuel consumption.
However, there are very many other factors that affect fuel efficiency.
Therefore, by minimizing engine displacement, you will not ensure increased fuel efficiency.

2. What is meant by 'wheelbase' and 'ground clearance' in a car?

Wheelbase:

In a car, there are two rods used to connect the center of the wheels, one on the front and another on the rear.
The distance between these two rods or axles of a vehicle is known as its wheelbase.
This term is generally checked while buying a car to see how much large the cabin is. The longer the wheelbase, the more the interior room in the car's cabin.
Ground Clearance:

It means the distance between the ground (the point where the tire meets the ground) and the under side of the chassis i.e. any parts that aren't designed to touch the ground. The manufacturers generally mention this distance in millimetres or inches in the list of specifications.

High Ground Clearance Vs. Low Ground Clearance:

More the ground clearance, more is the vehicle capable of moving on off-road, bumpy, rough terrains. For this reason, you will generally find that SUVs are designed with high ground clearance.
If the vehicles has low ground clearance will have low center of gravity and that leads to better handling and performance.
A balance between a high and low ground clearance is needed and you'll find this being achieved in the most executive sedans.

3.What does air-cooled engine mean?

As is apparent from the term we are looking at, Air-cooled engines have air circulating over the hot parts of the engine to cool it. Now I can't put a diagrammatic explanation here, but it is pretty clear even with just the theory.
Most cars we use today have modern internal combustion engines.
A great percentage of the heat generated through these engines is released through the exhaust.
The remaining is handled traditionally by using a liquid coolant that is passed through a closed circuit over the cylinder head and engine block.
The liquid coolant absorbs heat and when it reaches the heat exchanger or radiator of the car, it released the heat into air.
Now you may feel that isn't the engine being ultimately cooled by air. Well yes, but because a liquid-coolant circuit was used, this system is called water-cooled engine.
In contrast, the air-cooled engines have the heat generated released directly into the air. Natural air flow plays a big part in this.

4.What is the difference between Multi Utility Vehicle (MUV) and Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV)?

SUV is a term used to denote any vehicle that looks like a station wagon.
They are equipped with four-wheel drive or all-wheel drive.
Their design aims to display superior off-road and towing capabilities and bigger seating capacity.
Example: Mahindra Scorpio, Ford Ecosport, Renault Duster, Toyota Fortuner etc.
MUV is a type of vehicle designed in a shape of van.
They typically allow easy conversion between multiple combinations of passenger and luggage capacity.
Example: Toyota Innova, Maruti Ertiga, Renaulta Lodgy, Honda Mobilio etc.

5. What is the difference between Automatic transmission and Manual transmission?

Automatic transmission have only few select options, like forward, neutral and reverse. Where manual transmission will have complete gear selector.
For buyers, Automatic means a vehicle will select a appropriate Gear by itself as 1st, 2nd or .... as per the vehicle speed and load. where in Manual a driver has to decide and put vehicle in correct gear to move in desired form.
Automatic may have solenoid gear selector or a complex mechanism of overdrive and clutches which we see in luxurious vehicles only.

6. Front and Rear suspension - What do they mean and why are they needed?

First why suspension, between you vehicle body and wheels suspension are the main medium which holds vehicle and make moving when moving wheels. second suspension is for absorbing sudden shocks from round terrain. Each wheel have separate suspension for independent work( minds its for cars only, trucks may have different arrangements)
in every cars there are two axles front and rear. each axles will get two suspension of same type on both the wheels.
For buyers, Front suspension has some difference bcoz front suspension has to modify and adjust as per the turning on front wheel in corners. whereas rear wheels has to Go straight only.

7. What is the difference between 4-cylinder engine and 3-cylinder engine?

4 or 3 cylinder engine - it implies number of cylinder and piston you have in your engine. More number of cylinder means more CC and more power. and also it increases size of the engine.

8. What is drivetrain and powertrain and why is it important?

Powertrain
The powertrain is composed of everything that makes the vehicle move. These components include the engine which generates the initial energy, the transmission that distributes it and produces torque and all the other components of the drivetrain that help to propel the body forward. It can be expressed in terms of a mathematical equation for simpler understanding:
Powertrain = [Engine] + [Drivetrain]
The output from the power sources are controlled by a transmission system and the driveline to deliver torque to the wheels. The circular motion of the crankshaft is transmitted to the rear wheels through the gearbox, clutch, universal joints, drive shafts or propeller shafts, the differential and the axles connected to the wheels.
The application of engine power to the driving wheels through the collaborative effort of each of these components is called the power transmission. All wheel drive vehicles have two sets of these components to distribute the power almost equally to the front and the rear.
Drivetrain
The drivetrain is the part of a motorized carriage that connects the engine and transmission to the wheel axles through a number of other components. Drivetrain consists of all components after the transmission.

All wheel drive - means the power as explained in power goes from engine to all wheels of a vehicle basically the term uses for multi axle heavy duty trucks or trailer tractors.
Four Wheel Drive- as it says power goes to 4 wheel drive only.
4×4 (also, four-wheel drive and 4WD)
Reflecting two axles with both wheels on each capable of being powered.
6×6 (also, six-wheel drive and 6WD)
Reflecting three axles with both wheels on each capable of being powered.
8×8 (also, eight-wheel drive and 8WD)
Reflecting four axles with both wheels on each capable of being powered

QUESTIONS ON PLANETS ASKED IN UPSC

Planets: Questions asked by UPSC

Q. Which is the fastest planet ?

A. Mercury, which orbits the Sun at an average distance of 57,909,200 km and has a period of revolution of 87.97 days, is the fastest planet with an average speed of 172,248 km per hour in the orbit.

Q. Which planet is farthest from the Sun?
A. Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun. When it comes closest to the Sun, it is 4.45 billion km away. The aphelion distance of Neptune from the Sun is 4.54 billion km.

Q. Which is the biggest Asteroid ?
A. The first asteroid discovered, 1 Ceres, is the biggest asteroid with an average diameter of 585 miles.

Q. Which is the biggest Comet ?
A. Centaur 10199 Chariklo, which was discovered in May 1997, is the biggest comet with a diameter of 260 km.

Q. Which is the biggest Constellation ?
A. The biggest constellation is Hydra (Sea Serpent). It covers an area of 1,302.844 sq. deg., or 3.16% of the whole sky, and contains at least 68 stars visible to the naked eye.

Q. What is the biggest Star ?
A. The M-class supergiant Betelgeuse (alpha Orionis), which is 430 light years away from the Earth, has a diameter of 609 million miles—700 times greater than that of the Sun.

Q.Which is most luminous object in the sky ?
A. The most luminous object in the sky is the quasar HS1946+7658, which is at least 1.5 X 1015 times more luminous than the Sun.

Q. What are the Sun’s spots ?
A. The Sun’s spots are regions in the Sun’s photosphere and are visible on the Earth as irregular dark patches scattered on either side of the Sun’s equator. These regions appear to emit strong magnetic field which disturbs wireless communication. Such disturbances cause magnetic storms on the Earth.

Q. Explain the production of halos round the Moon or the Sun.
A. The luminous ring which is seen round the Moon or the Sun occasionally is called the halo. It is caused by the refraction of light by ice crystals present in the atmosphere.

Q. How many planets are there in the Solar System ? Give their names.
A. With the omission of Pluto from the Solar System by International Astronomical Union (IAU) in August 2006, there are now eight planets known to exist in the Solar System. In the order of their nearness to the Sun, they are: (1) Mercury, (2) Venus, (3) Earth, (4) Mars, (5) Jupiter, (6) Saturn, (7) Uranus and (8) Neptune.

Q. Name the largest, smallest and brightest planets in the Solar System.A. Largest Planet: Jupiter with an equatorial diameter of 142,880 km is the” largest planet.
Smallest Planet: The smallest known planet is Mercury with a diameter of 4,878 km.
Brightest Planet: Venus is the brightest planet.

Q. Which planet is closest to the Earth ?
A. Venus is the planet closest to the Earth.

Q. Which are the hottest and the coldest planets ?
A. Venus, which has a surface temperature of 462°C (864°F), is the hottest planet.
Neptune, with an estimated surface temperature of —212°C (—350°F) is the coldest planet in the Solar System. Uranus also has approximately the same surface temperature